1249
For broader historical context, see 13th century.
EventsEuropeFebruary 16 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador to meet with the Khan of the MongolsUniversity College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money gifted from the estate of William of DurhamThe Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).King Afonso III of Portugal captures Faro, Portugal from the Moors. Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified and a palace is constructed there by William II Villehardouin.The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugated the province of Tavastia in Finland, laying the foundations for Sweden's expansionism.Alphonse of Toulouse orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
AsiaPho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.The Japanese Hoji era ends, and the Kencho era begins.
AfricaKing Louis IX of France captures Damietta in Egypt, the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade. BirthsJuly 9 - Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)Pope John XXII (d. 1334)Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (d. 1268)Eric V of Denmark (d. 1286)Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford (d. 1297)
DeathsJuly 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1198)September 27 - Raymond VII of Toulouse, Count of Toulouse (b. 1197)November - As-Salih Ayyub, Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Damascus
See alsoList of state leaders in 1249
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