1255
For broader historical context, see 13th century. Events
EuropeWestern Europe August - The final Cathar stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating the last refuge of the heretical Cathars after the Roman Catholic Church engaged in a program to crush the sect, starting in 1209 with the Albigensian Crusade. The death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln prompts persecution of Jews in England on accusations of blood libel. The Portuguese capital is moved to Lisbon. The Gothic cathedral at Bourges, France, is completed. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Central and eastern EuropeMay - William of Rubruck from Constantinople returns to Cyprus from his missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia, his efforts having been unsuccessful. Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) is founded in Prussia. Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. He concludes the task successfully a year later in 1256. The Duchy of Bavaria is split into Upper and Lower Bavaria The German state of Nassau is divided, not to be reunited until 1806.
Asia Hulagu Khan is dispatched by his brother Möngke Khan to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia.
Births July - Albert I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1308) Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (d. 1298) Duccio di Buoninsegna, Sienese painter (d. 1319) Grand Prince Andrei III of Russia (d. 1304) William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, claimant to the crown of Scotland (d. 1317)
Deaths May 1 - Walter de Gray, English prelate and statesman. August - Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Blue Horde. Thomas of Celaeno, author of Dies Irae. Sundiata Keita, semi-historical hero and founder of the Mali Empire.
See also List of state leaders in 1255
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