1260
- For broader historical context, see 13th century.
EventsEurope
War and politicsSeptember 4 - The forces of King Manfred of Sicily, in league with the Ghibellines, defeat the Guelphs at Monte Aperto.King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn.The Baltic Samogatians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe.The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.
CultureOctober 24 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.Construction begins on the cathedral at Meißen.Construction begins on the cathedral at Schwerin.Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.
AsiaMay 5 - Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.September 3 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.The Sena Dynasty of Bengal falls.The Chinese era Jingding begins and ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.The Japanese Shogen era ends, and the Bun'o era begins.The Hindu Silharya Dynasty, which ruled an area around Mumbai, ends.The newly formed Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.
AfricaOctober 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
Births Andronicus II, Byzantine Emperor Enguerrand de Marigny, minister to King Philip IV of France Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France Henry Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham Matthew Csák, ruler of the Váh and the Tatras regions in present-day Slovakia Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian Meister Eckhart, German theologian, philosopher and mystic
Deaths October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester Franciscus Accursius, Italian jurist Matilda II of Bologne, sovereign Countess of Bologne
In fiction Disney comic book character Sir Swamphole McDuck dies. In the television series Babylon 5, the first Shadow War occurs between the Shadows and an alliance led by the Vorlons and Minbari.
See also
List of state leaders in 1260
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