1263
- For broader historical context, see 13th century.
EventsWar and politics October - King Alexander III of Scotland defeats the Viking armada of King Haakon IV of Norway in the Battle of Largs. King James I of Aragon conquers Crevillente, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista. Mindaugas, the first and only Christian king of Lithuania, is assassinated by his cousin Treniota. The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to the Norwegian king, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Icelandic civil war. Genoa captures the city of Chania on Crete from the Venetians. Hulagu Khan is defeated in an attempted invasion north of the Caucasus.
Culture Nahmanides, chief rabbi of Catalonia, defends the Talmud in an important disputation against Pablo Christiani before King James I of Aragon. The doctrines of theologian Joachim of Fiore are condemned as heresy by the Roman Catholic Church at a synod in Arles. Balliol College, Oxford is founded by John de Balliol. The Savoy Palace is constructed in London by Count Peter II of Savoy.
Births Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine
Deaths March 19 - Hugh of St Cher, influential French cardinal November 14 - Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir December 15 - Haakon IV of Norway Count Boniface of Savoy Hamo de Crevequer, Norman nobleman Hojo Tokiyori, fifth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan Mindaugas, Grand Duke (previously King) of Lithuania
See also List of state leaders in 1263
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