1561
Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. Mary, Queen of Scots is denied passage through England after returning from France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19. The first Calvinistss settle in England after fleeing Flanders. Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II. St. Paul's Cathedral in London is badly damaged by fire. Ruy López develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain. Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia).
Births January 21 - Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist and statesman (d. 1626) July 11 - Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish baroque poet. (d. 1627) August 20 - Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (d. 1633) Giulio Cesare Martinengo, Italian composer
Deaths September 25 - Bayezid, son of Suleiman the Magnificent (executed) Alonso Berruguete, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1480)
Literature The Book of the Courtier (Il Cortegiano) is translated into English by Sir Thomas Hoby Poetics by Julius Caesar Scaliger Institution of the Christian Religion is translated into English by Thomas Norton Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is finished (started in 1534) Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome Gabriele Fallopius publishes Observationes anatomicae (anatomical observations)
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