1708
Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya - Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais
- In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague
- J.S. Bach appointed as chamber musician and organist at the court in Weimar, Germany
Ongoing events - Great Northern War (1700-1721)
- War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713)
Births - April 23 - Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (died 1754)
- October 16 - Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (died 1777)
- November 15 - William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, British politician (died 1778)
- December 8 - Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1765)
- Pompeo Batoni, Italian painter (died 1787)
- Richard Dawes, British classical scholar (died 1766)
Deaths - March 29 - John Partridge, astrologer and almanack-maker (b. 1644)
- October 1 - John Blow, British composer (b. 1648)
- October 7 - Guru Gobind Singh, Indian religious leader (b. 1666)
- October 11 - Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)
- October 24 - Seki Kowa, Japanese mathematician
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