1814
1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
Events January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina. February - Congress of Chatillon - see George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen February 1 - Mayon Volcano, in the Philippines, erupts, killing around 1,200 people; most devastating eruption of Mayon Volcano February 11 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union February 14 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps February 18 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau March 7 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne March 9 - the USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean. March 10 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France March 27 - War of 1812: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. March 31 - Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy Paris April 4 or April 6 - Emperor Napoleon abdicates. April 10 - the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse May 3 - Duke of Provence, future Louis XVIII of France returns to Paris May 17 - Norway's new constitution May 17 - Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands May 30 - The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day. July 5 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario. July 24 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders. July 25 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americanss commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie. August 13 - signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 August 24 - War of 1812: British troops burn Washington, DC. August 28 - Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight. September 11 - USS Ticonderoga is victorious in the Battle of Lake Champlain November 28 - London The Times newspaper becomes the first to be printed on a steam-powered press. December 24 - peace treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 between United States and Britain. - Missionaries attempt to write down the Maori_language
- George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blutcher
- John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons
- John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital
- Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley
- Guyana transferred from Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed "British Guiana"
- In England, the last hanging under the Black Act - William Potter for cutting down an orchard - even the judge petitioned for reprieve
Ongoing events - Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Peninsular War/Sixth Coalition
- War of 1812 (1812-1815)
Births - January 27 - Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (b. 1879)
- April 3 - Lorenzo Snow, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)
- April 21 - Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d. 1906)
- May 30 - Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)
- August 10 - Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. 1890)
- August 13 - Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)
- August 28 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)
- September 2 - Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d. 1896)
- October 4 - Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)
- October 15 - Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841)
- November 6 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker, inventor of the saxophone (d. 1894)
Deaths - January 27 - Philip Astley, father of the modern circus
- March 28 - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, inventor of the guillotine
- May 29 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France
- August 31 - Arthur Phillip, British admiral, first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)
- September 8 - Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily, consort of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and de facto ruler
- October 19 - Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright
- November 23 - Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States of America
- December 2 - Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer
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