1848
1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar).
Events
The Revolution of 1848 (qv.), a series of widespread but failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary. January 24 - California gold rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, near Sacramento January 26 - Henry David Thoreau addresses the Concord Lyceum with "The Rights and Duties of the Individual in Relation to Government" (which later came to be known as ). February 2 - Mexican-American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the war. February 2 - California Gold Rush: The first ship with Chinese emigrants seeking fortune in California's gold country arrive in San Francisco. February 21 - Karl Marx publishes The Communist Manifesto. February 24 - Abdication of Le Roi-Citoyen (citizen king) Louis Philippe, King of the French and the proclamation of the Second Republic. March 7 - The Great Mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii. March 10 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican-American War. March 15 - Revolution breaks out in Pest. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party. March 20 - King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates March 23 - Province of Otago in New Zealand is founded. March 29 - An upstream ice jam stops almost all water flow over Niagara Falls for 30 hours April 10 Chartist 'Monster Rally' held in Kennington Park London, headed by Feargus O'Connor. A petition demanding the franchise is presented to parliament. May 15 - Radicals invade the France Chamber of deputies May 19 - Mexican-American War: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - Mexico ratifies the treaty thus ending the war and ceding Texas, California and most of Arizona and New Mexico to the United States for $15 million dollars. May 29 - Wisconsin is admitted as the 30th U.S. state. July 19 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention. July 29 - Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt - In Tipperary, an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put-down by a government police force. August 19 - California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States, that there is a gold rush in California (although the rush started in January) August 28 – Mathieu Luis, first black member joins the French parliament as a representative of Guadaloupe November 1 - In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, The Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with Boston University School of Medicine), opens. November 3 - Greatly revised Dutch constitution proclaimed November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 1848: Zachary Taylor is elected president in the first US presidential election held in every state on the same day. December 2 - Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, abdicates in favor of his nephew, Franz Josef I. December 10 - Prince Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte elected first president of the French Second Republic. December 20 - President Bonaparte takes his Oath of Office in front of the French National Assembly. Births January 6 - Hristo Botev, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1876) January 19 - John F. Stairs, businessman, statesman (d. 1904) February 5 - Joris-Karl Huysmans, French author (d. 1907) February 5 - Belle Starr, American outlaw (d. 1889) February 8 - Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist, author (d. 1908) February 16 - Octave Mirbeau French art critic, novelist (d. 1917) February 18 - Louis Comfort Tiffany, American glass artist (d. 1933) February 24 - Andrew Inglis Clark, Tasmanian politician (d. 1907) February 24 - Grant Allen, author (d. 1899) February 25 - Edward Harriman, railroad entrepreneur February 27 - Hubert Parry, English composer (d. 1918) March 10 - Albert Fraenkel, physician (d. 1916) March 18 - Princess Louise, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert March 19 - Wyatt Earp, policeman, gunfighter (d. 1929) March 31 - Viscount William Astor, British financier and statesman (d. 1919) April 10 - Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (d. 1914) May 23 - Otto Lilienthal, engineer (d. 1896) June 7 - Paul Gauguin, French artist July 6 - Gabor Baross, Hungarian statesman (d. 1892). July 15 - Vilfredo Pareto, economist (d. 1923). July 22 - Winfield Scott Stratton, American miner (d. 1902) July 25 - George Robert Aberigh-Mackay, Anglo-Indian writer (d. 1881)July 25 - Arthur James Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1930) November 13 - Albert I of Monaco Randall Thomas Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1930)
Deaths January 19 - Isaac D'Israeli, English author, father of Benjamin Disraeli February 23 - John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States. March 29 - John Jacob Astor, American businessman April 8 Gaetano Donizetti, Italian opera composer June 27 - Denis Auguste Affre, archbishop of Paris August 7 - Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist August 12 - George Stephenson, locomotive pioneer November 9 - Robert Blum, German politician November 23 - Sir John Barrow, English statesman November 24 - Lord Melbourne, British Prime Minister December 19 - Emily Brontë, English author Edward Baines, British newspaperman, politician
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