1851
1851 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).
Events January 23 - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning. March 1 - Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times March 27 - First reported case of white men seeing Yosemite Valley. March 30 - A population census was taken of all people living in the United Kingdom. May 1 - The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria. It runs until October 18. May 15 - Rama IV is crowed King of Thailand. July - The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played. July 1 - Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales. July 29 - Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia. August 22 - The yacht America wins the first America's Cup race (see Yachting). October 18 - The Great Exhibition in London is closed. November 13 - The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what will become Seattle, Washington. December 2 - Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. Later he declares himself as an emperor Napoleon III. End of the Second Republic. December 24 - The Library of Congress burns. December 29 - The first YMCA opens, in Boston, Massachusetts.
Undated Dictator Rosas overthrown in Brazil. New government recognizes independent Paraguay. New Blanco government in Uruguay Reuters news service founded. Gold discovered in Australia. The New York Times is founded. Ariel and Umbriel, moonss of Uranus, discovered by William Lassell. St. Paul's College, Hong Kong is founded. Singer Corporation foundedBirthsJanuary 19 - Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)March 27 - Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)April 21 - Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)May 6 - Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)May 20 - Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)August 14 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)October 2 - Ferdinand Foch, French commander of allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)October 31 - Princess Louise of SwedenRobert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)Ruperto Chapí, Spanish zarzuelist
DeathsJanuary 27 - John James Audubon, French-American naturalist and illustrator (b. 1785)January 31 - David Spangler Kaufman, Congressman from Texas (b. 1813)February 1 - Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797)March 9 - Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish scientist (b. 1777)September 10 - Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787)September 11 - Sylvester Graham, American inventor of Graham cracker (b. 1794)December 19 - Joseph Mallord William Turner, English artist (b. 1775)
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