1853
1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
EventsJanuary 19 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore premieres in RomeJanuary 21 - Russell L. Hawes patents the envelope folding machineJanuary 29 - Napoleon III marries the Spanish Countess Eugčnie at the TuileriesMarch 4 – Inauguration of US president Franklin PierceJune 7 - Franklin College of Lancaster, Pennsylvania merges with Marshall College of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania to form Franklin and Marshall College in LancasterJuly 8 - U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Edo Bay with a request for a trade treatyJuly 25 Outlaw and bandit Joaquin Murietta is killed.August 12 – New Zealand acquires self-governmentAugust 24 - Potato chips first prepared.November 15 - Maria II of Portugal is succeeded by her son PedroNovember 30 - Crimean War: Battle of Sinope - The Russian fleet destroys the Turkish fleet.December 30 - Gadsden Purchase: The United States buys land from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest - Yellow fever kills 7790 in New Orleans
- Alexander Wood invents the hypodermic syringe
- Argentina adopts federal constitution - Buenos Aires opposes that
- Donald McKay builds the Great Republic, the world's biggest sailing ship, which at 4,500 tons was too large to be successful
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel began work on the Great Eastern passenger steamer
- Start of Crimean War
- Independent Santa Cruz Maya of Eastern Yucatan recognized as an independent nation by British Empire
- Iesada succeeds Ieoshi as Japanese Shogun
- Beginning of the Late Tokugawa shogunate, the last part of the Edo period in Japan.
- Stephen Foster writes "My Old Kentucky Home."
Births - January 28 - José Martí, revolutionary (+ 1895)
- February 6 - Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovene physicist (+ 1901)
- March 14 - Ferdinand Hodler, painter (+ 1918)
- March 30 - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter
- May 28 - Carl Larsson, painter (+ 1919)
- June 3 - William Flinders Petrie, Egyptologist
- July 5 - Cecil Rhodes, South African politician
- July 18- Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate
Deaths - January 16 - Matteo Carcassi, Italian composer
- March 17 - Christian Doppler, mathematician
- April 28 - Ludwig Tieck, German writer (b. 1773)
- July 23 - Ieoshi, Japanese Shogun
- November 15 - Maria II of Portugal
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