1860
1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday.
Events March 6 - Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut
April 3 - The Pony Express makes its first run.
May 1 - A chondrite type meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New Concord. May 9 - The Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States. May 13 - Battle of Catalafimi; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples, during the Second Italian independence war. May 18 - Abraham Lincoln is selected as the US presidential candidate for the Republican party.
June 24 - First nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England.
July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded. July 11 - Mutsuhito becomes Crown Prince of Japan. July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox monk under the name Nikolai. July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as deacon. July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as priest.
September 7 - Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown. September 7 - Troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi reach Naples.
John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile. October 5 - Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of clashes between Maronites and Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year October 19 - New Maori revolt begins in New Zealand October 26 - Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II.
November 6 - U.S. presidential election, 1860: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge and is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
December 20 - South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union. December 29 - The first British seagoing ironclad warship, the HMS Warrior is launched.
Unknown Dates Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States besides Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovers caesium and rubidium (see Discovery of the chemical elements) Buenos Aires leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores Augustana College is founded in Rock Island, Illinois, United States by Swedish immigrants.
BirthsJanuary 1 - George Washington Carver, educator, activist, botanistJanuary 11 - Marie Bashkirtseff, artistJanuary 25 - Charles Curtis, American vice-president († 1936)January 29 - William Jacob Baer, American painter († 1941)January 29 - Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer († 1904)
February 11 - Rachilde (Marguerite Vallette-Eymery), French authorFebruary 29 - Herman Hollerith, inventor of the first electric tabulating machine.
MarchMarch 1 - Joe Natus, musicianMarch 13 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composerMarch 19 - William Jennings Bryan, American politicianMarch 27 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (d. 1924)
MayMay 9 - J. M. Barrie, author († 1937)May 25 - James McKeen Cattell, first professor of psychology in U.S.May 29 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)
JulyJuly 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, feminist writer († 1935)July 7 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)July 19 - Lizzie Borden, murder suspect
AugustAugust 3 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)August 16 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
SeptemberSeptember 13 - John J. Pershing, American General
NovemberNovember 6 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1941)November 23 - Billy the Kid
DecemberDecember 7 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia († 1947)John Coughlin, Chicago aldermanFrederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer († 1938)Albert Giraud, Belgian poet († 1929)Lancelot Speed, illustrator († 1931)
DeathsJanuaryJanuary 27 - János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematicianJanuary 27 - Thomas Brisbane, astronomerJanuary 29 - Stephanie de Beauharnais, former Grand Duchess of Baden.
FebruaryFebruary 20 - Henry Drummond, Canadian poet
MarchMarch 17 - Anna Jameson, German author
MayMay 12 - Sir Charles Barry, English architectMay 16 - Anne Isabella Milbanke, widow of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron.
JulyJuly 1 - Charles Goodyear, inventor of the vulcanization process
DecemberDecember 14 - George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th earl of Aberdeen.
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