1865
1865 is a common year starting on Sunday.
Events January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief. February - The only known month in History without a Full moon. February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces. February 22 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery. March 3 - The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau. March 13 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops. March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time. March 19 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from Greenville, North Carolina. March 25 - The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg were recovered. March 25 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Steadman from the Union. March 29 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins . April 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive. April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day. April 6 - German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik(BASF) founded in Mannheim. April 9 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil War. April 14 - US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. April 21 - German Chemicals producer BASF moves its headquarters and factories from Mannheim to the Hemshof District of Ludwigshafen. April 26 * Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead. * American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina. April 27 - The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison. May 1 - Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed - War of the Triple Alliance has already begun. May 10 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia. May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the civil war ends with a Union victory. May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the American Civil War. May 25 - Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes. June 2 - American Civil War ends - Forces under Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas, becoming the last to do so. June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at Riachualo. June 23 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army. July 2 - Salvation Army founded in Whitechapel, London July 5 * William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army).* US Secret Service founded. July 21 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown. July 27 - Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley. December 10 - Leopold II becomes King of Belgium. December 18 - Thirteenth Constitutional amendment declared ratified by three-fourths of the States of the United States. It forever abolished slavery. December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku Klux Klan.
Undated Gregor Mendel formulates his theories of Mendelian inheritance- they are mainly ignored for years. A forest fire near Silverton, Oregon destroys about one million acres (4,000 km²) of timber. Last volume of Annals of Joseon Dynasty published.
Births - January 5 - Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (d. 1920)
- January 28 - Kaarlo Juho Stċhlberg, President of Finland (d. 1952)
- February 12 - Kazimierz Tetmajer, full name Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Polish poet and writer (d. 1940)
- February 19 - Sven Hedin, scientist and explorer (d. 1952)
- March 15 - Edith Maude Eaton, writer (d. 1914)
- March 19 - William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist and ethologist (d. 1937)
- April 9 - Erich Ludendorff, German general in World War (d. 1937)
- May 25 - Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize winner (d. 1943)
- May 26 - Robert W. Chambers, artist (d. 1933)
- June 2 - George Lohmann, Surrey bowler (d. 1901)
- June 3 - King George V of the United Kingdom (d. 1936)
- June 9 - Albéric Magnard, composer (d. 1914)
- July 23 - Max Heindel (born Carl Louis von Grasshoff in Denmark); Christian occultist, astrologer and mystic (d. 1919)
- August 2 - Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (d. 1933)
- August 24 - King Ferdinand of Romania (d. 1927)
- August 27 - James Henry Breasted, Egyptologist (d. 1935)
- October 1 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
- October 17 - James Rudolph Garfield, U.S. politician (d. 1950)
- October 26 - Benjamin Guggenheim, businessman, Titanic victim (d. 1912)
- November 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (d. 1923)
- December 8 - Jean Sibelius, composer (d. 1957)
Deaths - April 1 - John Milton, governor of Florida (b. 1807)
- April 2 - A.P. Hill, Confederate general (b. 1825)
- April 15 - Abraham Lincoln, US President (b. 1809)
- April 26 - John Wilkes Booth, actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838)
- October 18 - Lord Palmerston, Prime Minister of Britain (b. 1784)
- November 12 - Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist, biographer (b. 1810)
- November 28 - William Machin Stairs, Nova Scotia businessman, statesman (b. 1789)
- December 10 - Leopold I of Belgium (b. 1790.
- James Barry, British military surgeon
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