1871
1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
EventsJanuary - AprilJanuary 18 - The member-states of the North German Confederation unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany.January 10 - France surrenders to end the Franco-Prussian WarMarch 21 - Marriage of Princess Louise to John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, whose father, the 8th Duke of Argyll, is the serving Secretary of State for India.March 22 - In North Carolina, William Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.March 26 - The Paris Commune is formally established in Paris.March 29 - The Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.April - Stockholms Handelsbank is founded.
May - AugustMay 11 - First trial of the case of Tichborne Claimant begins in the London Court of Common Pleas.May 20 - Paris Commune crushed by government forces.May 30 - The Paris Commune is suppressed by the armed forces of the French Third Republic.July 20 - British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.August 31 - Adolphe Thiers becomes President of the French Republic.
September - DecemberOctober 8 - Three major fires break out on the shores of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois, Peshtigo, Wisconsin, and Holland, Michigan*The Great Chicago Fire is the most famous of these, burning 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km²) in one day, eventually destroying about 17,450 buildings, and killing about 250 people while leaving another 90,000 homeless.*The Peshtigo Fire burns 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km²) across six counties in one day and kills 1,200 to 2,500 people, making it the deadliest in United States history.*The Holland Fire destroys at least two towns.October 20 - The Royal Regiment of Artillery formed the first regular Canadian army units when they created two batteries of garrison artillery which eventually became The Royal Canadian Artillery.October 27 - The Comte de Chambord refuses to be crowned 'King Henry V of France' until France abandons its tricolour and returns to the old bourbon flag.November 10 - Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, and greets him saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"November 17 - The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York.December 10 - The German chancellor Otto von Bismarck tries to ban Catholics from the political stage by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation of church and state.
Unknown dateUniversity Tests Act removes religious tests at Oxford and Cambridge.Trade Union Act - British trade unions legalized.Heinrich Schliemann begins the excavation of Troy.Japan forms its own police force based on French model.George Biddell Airy discovers astronomical aberration is independent of the local medium.Abolition of the Han system in Japan.William Marcy Tweed serves his last year as the "Boss" of Tammany Hall.
BirthsJanuary 17 - David Earl Betty of the North Sea and of Brooksby, British admiral (d. 1936)January 30 - Wilfred Lucas, actor (d. 1940)February 4 - Friedrich Ebert, president of the Weimar Republic (d. 1925)February 18 - Harry Brearley, inventor of stainless steel (d. 1948)March 1 - Ben Harney, US composer and ragtime pianist, is born. (d. 1938)March 5 - Rosa Luxemburg, politician (d. 1919)March 27 - Heinrich Mann, narrator, dramatist and essayist (d. 1950)May 3 - Walter Robinson Parr, British preacherMay 6 - Christian Morgenstern, author (d. 1914)May 27 - Georges Rouault, painter and graphic artist (d. 1958)July 17 - Lyonel Charles Feininger, German painterJuly 25 - Richard Ernest Turner, Canadian lieutenant of the of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, awarded with the Victoria Cross for bravery during the Second Boer War. August 19 - Orville Wright of the Wright brothers, American co-inventor of the airplaneAugust 25 - Ross Winn, anarchist writer and publisherAugust 29 - Albert Lebrun, French politician (d. 1950)September 24 - Lottie Dod, English athleteSeptember 26 - Winsor McCay, United States comic creator and animator (d. 1934)September 27 - Grazia Deledda, Sardinian writer - Nobel prize (d. 1936)October 30 - Paul Valéry, French poet (d. 1945)December 9 - Joe Kelley, Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1943)December 12 - Umenosuke Bessho, Japanese writer (d. 1945)December 13 - Emily Carr, Canadian writerGuangxu, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China
DeathsFebruary 11 - Gaspard Théodore Ignace de la Fontaine, luxembourgish polititianFebruary 20 - Paul Kane, painterSeptember 23 - Louis-Joseph Papineau, aged 85, Canadian politician and former leader of the Patriotes RebellionOctober 18 - Charles Babbage, aged 79, English mathematician and inventor of computing machines
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