1877
1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).
EventsJanuary - April January 1 - Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act, introduced by United Kingdom Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. January 8 - Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry (Montana) January 20 - Ottoman Turkey rejects proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions - Conference of Constantinople ends March 2 - U.S. presidential election, 1876: The United States declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876 March 4 - Emile Berliner invents the microphone. March 4 - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake debuts March 15 - The first Test cricket match, between England and Australia March 24 - For the first and only time in history, the Boat Race between the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford is declared a "dead heat" (i.e. a draw). April 24 - Russia declares war of Turkey
May - August May 6 - Realizing that his people were weakened by cold and hunger, Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Sioux surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska. May 8 - At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens (ends May 11). May 10 - Romania declares itself independent from Turkey (recognized in 1881 after the end of the Romanian independence war). May 16 - Romania declares war on Turkey June 15 - Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy. June 26 - Eruption of Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador causes severe mudflows that wipe out surrounding cities and valleys - 1000 dead June 30 - British Mediterranean fleet is sent to Besika Bay July 9 - All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club begins its first lawn tennis tournament at Wimbledon. July 21 - A day after bloody rioting in Baltimore from Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of 9 rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia - Pittsburgh then erupts into widespread rioting. August 9 - Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - Near Big Hole River in Montana, a small band of Nez Percé Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army. The army lost 29 soldiers and Indians lost 89 warriors in a US Army win. August 12 - Asaph Hall discovers Deimos, outer moon of Mars. August 17 - Arizona blacksmith F.P. Cahill is fatally wounded by Billy the Kid. Cahill will die the next day, becoming the first person killed by the Kid. August 18 - Asaph Hall discovers Phobos, inner moon of Mars.
September - December September 5 - Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. October 10 - Following the recovery of Lieutenant-Colonel George Armstrong Custer's body from where he fell during the Battle of Little Big Horn the previous year, Custer is given a funeral with full military honors and is laid to rest at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. November 21 - Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound (this is considered to be Edison's first great invention) (Edison demonstrated the device for the first time on November 29). December 14 - Serbia restates its previous declaration of war against Turkey
Unknown date War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (Russo-Turkish War), leading to the formation of Bulgaria in 1878. See Russian Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War. Nineteenth Century magazine founded.
Births February 17 - André Maginot, politician, Maginot Line (d. 1932) February 19 - Gabriele Münter, painter, member of Blaue Reiter (d. 1962) February 25 - Erich von Hornbostel, musicologist (d. 1935) March 2 - Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough (d. 1964) March 16 - Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1944) March 18 - Edgar Cayce, psychic (d. 1945) June 14 - Jane Bathori, opera singer (d. 1970) July 2 - Hermann Hesse, writer (d. 1962) July 6 - Arnaud Massy, champion golfer (d. 1950) July 13 - Erik Scavenius, Danish prime minister (d. 1962) July 17 - Ernst von Dohnanyi, Hungarian conductor (d. 1960) August 6 - Wallace H. White, Jr, U.S. Senator from Maine (d. 1952) August 7 - Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (d. 1949) September 6 - Buddy Bolden, jazz musician (d. 1930) October 4 - Razor Smith, Surrey slow bowler who took 247 wickets in 1910 (d. 1946) October 27 - George Thompson, Northamptonshire all-rounder and mainstay in the county's earliest first-class days (d. 1943) November 9 - Allama Iqbal, philosopher-poet (d. 1938) November 26 - Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist (d. 1962) December 3 - Richard Pearse, airplane pioneer (d. 1953) Alois Kayser, German missionary, working on Nauru (d. 1944)
DeathsJanuary 4 - Cornelius Vanderbilt, entrepreneurJanuary 21 - Diamond Bessie Moore, prostituteAugust 29 - Brigham Young, Mormon leader (b. 1801)September 2 - Constantine Kanaris - Greek politicianSeptember 5 - Crazy Horse, chief of the Oglala SiouxOctober 16 - Theodore Barričre, French dramatistDecember 31 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (b. 1819)
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