1881
1881 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
EventsJanuary - April January 16-24 ? Siege of Geok Tepe ? Russian troops under general Skobeleff defeat TurkomansJanuary 25 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone CompanyFebruary 5 - Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated.February 13 - First issue of the feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is published by Hubertine Auclert.February 19 - Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.March 4 - Rutherford Birchard Hayes is succeeded as President of the United States by James Abram Garfield.March 13 - Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. March 16 - Fenian dynamiters hit Mansion House in London.
May - AugustMay 12 - In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.May 21 - The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.May 21 - The United States Tennis Association is established by a small group of tennis club members.June 12 - The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack. July 1 - General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organisation, came into effect.July 2 - James Abram Garfield, President of the United States is shot by lawyer Charles Julius Guiteau. He survives the assassination attempt but he suffers from infection of his wound.July 4 - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.July 20 - Indian Wars: Sioux chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford in Montana.
September - DecemberSeptember 19 - James Abram Garfield, President of the United States dies due to an infected wound caused by an assassins bullet and is succeeded by Vice President Chester Alan Arthur.October 26 - Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona, USA. October 29 - The Judge (US magazine) first published. November 19 - A meteorite struck earth near the village of Großliebenthal, a few kilometers southwest of Odessa, the Ukraine. December 8 - At least 620 die in fire at Ring Theatre, Vienna
Unknown dateFounding of the Pali Text SocietyUniversity College Dublin is established in IrelandThe United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) is founded, and the first U.S. Tennis Championships are played. Founding of the League of the Three Emperors London Evening News begins publication Some Vatican archives opened to scholars for the first time Abilene, Texas is founded. Leyton Orient F.C is Founded
BirthsJanuary 6 - Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961)January 9 - Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic.January 16 - Sir Arthur Percy Morris Fleming, radio pioneerFebruary 12 - Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931)March 12 - Kemal Atatürk, first President of Turkey (d. 1938)March 25 - Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945) March 25 - Mary Gladys Webb, writer (d. 1927)May 1 - Mary MacLane, feminist writer (d. 1929)June 17 - Tommy Burns, heavyweight boxer August 6 - Sir Alexander Fleming, British discoverer of penicillinSeptember 8 - Harry Hillman, American athleteOctober 11 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theoristOctober 15 - P. G. Wodehouse, British-American writerOctober 25 - Pablo Picasso, Spanish painterNovember 14 - Nicholas Schenck motion-picture empresario (d. 1969)November 24 - Al Christie, Hollywood director and producer (d. 1951)November 25 - Pope John XXIII (d. 1963)William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1944)
DeathsJanuary 3 - Anna McNeill Whistler, Whistler's mother (b. 1804)January 21 - Wilhelm Matthias Näff, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1802)February 9 - Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian novelist (b. 1821)March 13 - Czar Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)March 28 - Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (b. 1839)April 19 - Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)May 24 - Samuel Palmer, English artist (b. 1805)June 6 - Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian composer (b. 1820)July 17 - Jim Bridger, American explorer and trapper (b. 1804)July 18 - Billy the Kid, American gunslinger (b. 1859)September 7 - Sidney Lanier, American writer (b. 1842)September 19 - James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (assassinated) (b. 1831)September 22 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)October 3 - Orson Pratt, American religious leader (b. 1811)October 31 - George Washington De Long, American naval officer and explorer (starvation) (b. 1844)
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