1913
1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar)
Events
January-March January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest train station. February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax. February 3 – Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century February 19 - Prizes are included in Cracker Jack candy boxes for the first time February 27 – Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrate the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throneMarch 4 - End of term for President of the United States William Howard Taft. He is succeeded by Thomas Woodrow Wilson. March 12 – Canberra becomes the federal capital of Australia March 13 – Assassination of Francisco Madero, president of Mexico March 18 - George I of Greece is assassinated. March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after. March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.April-September April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators. April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony. May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft. May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller. May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war. June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today. June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness. June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia. July 3 - Commemeration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004). August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield. August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely. September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean September 29 - Rudolf Diesel disappears enroute to Britain
October-December October 10 – US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal. October 19 – Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society) November 5 – The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III. November 6 – Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa. November 7–November 12 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250. December 1 – Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12˝ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production). December 1 – Greece annexes Crete December 12 – Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia. December 12 – Vincencio Peruggia tries to sell Mona Lisa in the Florence and is arrested December 30 – Italy returns Mona Lisa to France December 23 Federal Reserve is created Woodrow Wilson ecomony starts boom and busts cycles
unknown dates Female suffrage in Norway British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmora Sea with 200 hands First crossword puzzle appears in the World newspaper Black Chamber, forerunner of NSA, founded de Sitter: speed of light is independent of speed of source Sagnac: speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform Painting September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S. Camel Cigarettes were introduced Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School First publication of Journal of Ecology
BirthsJanuary-February January 6 - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000) January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994) January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998) January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987) January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001) February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist February 6 - Mary Leakey, anthropologist (d. 1996) February 9 - Gypsy Rose Lee, actress, ecdysiast (d. 1970) February 11 - Lucio Diestro, composer February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991) February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor union leader (d. 1975 - disappeared) February 14 - Mel Allen, sports reporter (d. 1996) February 25 - Gert Fröbe, actor (d. 1988) February 25 - Jim Backus, actor (d. 1989) February 27 - Irwin Shaw, writer (d. 1984)
March-August March 4 - John Garfield, actor (d. 1952) March 13 - William Casey, director of the Central Intelligence Agency (d. 1987) March 13 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer; wrote lyrics to the Soviet and Russian national anthems March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996) March 21 - George Abecassis, English Formula One driver (d. 1991) March 29 - Tony Zale, world champion boxer (d. 1997) March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000) March 30 - Richard Helms, director of the Central Intelligence Agency (d. 2002) March 30 - Frankie Laine, singer April 3 - Per Borten, former Premier of Norway (d. 2005) April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, physicist co-discoverer of Neptunium (d. 2004) May 1 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980) May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937) May 11 - Robert Jungk, publicist and futurologist (d. 1994) May 16 - Woody Herman, musician, band leader (d. 1987) May 20 - William Hewlett, cofounder of Hewlett-Packard (d. 2001) May 26 - Peter Cushing, British actor (d. 1994) June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Soviet composer June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970) June 18 – Robert Mondavi, leading American wine maker June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005) June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States July 22 - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter August 8 - John Facenda, voice of NFL Films (d. 1984) August 17 - Rudy York, Major League Baseball All-Star (d. 1970) August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995) August 28 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
September-December September 5 - Frank Thomas, Disney animator (d. 2004) September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980) September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, president of Guatemala (d. 1971) September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970) September 15 - John N. Mitchell, former United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988) September 29 - Stanley Kramer, Academy Award Winning Movie Producer, director, and writer (d. 2001) September 29 - Trevor Howard, actor (d. 1988) September 29 - Silvio Piola, all-time highest Serie A goalscorer (d. 1996) September 30 - Bill Walsh, movie producer and writer (d. 1975) November 2 - Burt Lancaster, actor (d. 1994) November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967) November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer (d. 1960) November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese communist politician November 21 - Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001) November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976) December 6 - Eleanor Holm - American swimmer (d. 2004)
Deaths January 1 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer March 10 - Harriet Tubman, Underground Railroad conductor, anti-slavery activist March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of KMT March 31 - John Pierpont Morgan, American financier and banker June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, brewer, baseball owner July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painterDecember 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist
Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes Chemistry - Alfred Werner Medicine - Charles Robert Richet Literature - Rabindranath Tagore Peace - Henri La Fontaine
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