1919
1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).
Events
January January 1 - Iolaire sinking disaster January 1 - Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company January 5 - Spartacist uprising - Socialist demonstrations in Berlin turn into attempted communist revolution January 9 - Spartacus revolutionary council folds – Friedrich Ebert orders Freikorps into action January 10-12 - Freikorps attack Spartacus supporters around Berlin January 11 - Romania annexes Transylvania. January 13 - Worker’s councils in Berlin end the general strike - Spartacus week is over January 15 - The Boston Molasses Disaster: Wave of molasses sweeps through Boston, killing 21 and injuring 150 January 15 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes Premier of Poland January 16 - The 18th Amendment, authorizing Prohibition, goes into effect in the United States January 18 - World War I: A peace conference opens in Versailles, France. January 18 - Bentley Motors is founded January 21 - the First Dáil Éireann meets in the Mansion House in Dublin. It is from this meeting that the Irish state dates its existence. January 25 - The League of Nations is founded
February-April February 1 - The first Miss America is crowned (New York City). February 3 – Soviet troops occupy Ukraine February 11 - Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany. February 14 - Polish-Soviet War begins February 25 - Oregon places a 1 cent per gallon tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax. February 26 - An act of the United States Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park (see Grand Canyon National Park). March 1 - March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea. March 2 - The first Communist International meets in Moscow March 15 - The American Legion forms in Paris March 21 - The Chinese High School was established in Singapore by Mr. Tan Kah Kee March 23 - In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement. March 31 – General strike begins in the Ruhr April 6-7 – Communist People’s Republic of Munich founded April 13 - At the Amritsar Massacre, British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Indians. April 14 – Emperor of Austria moves to exile in Switzerland April 25 – Bauhaus movement founded April 25 - ANZAC day is celebrated for the first time in Australia.
May-June May 1 – Large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police May 1 - In Cleveland, police and army confront the May Day parade and drive into crowd – 2 dead, one hundred injured May 3 – People's Republic of Munich is crushed May 4 - May Fourth Movement opposes foreign colonizers in China May 15 - Winnipeg launches general strike for better wages and working conditions. May 16 - US Navy Naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read departs Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight May 17 - Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose Winnipeg General Strike May 25 – Volcano Kelut erupts in Java – 16.000 dead May 29 - Einstein's theory of general relativity confirmed by Arthur Eddington's observation of a total eclipse of the Sun. June 4 - Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification. June 14 - John Alcock and Arthur Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they landed at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland the next day). [1] June 21 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during Winnipeg General Strike. June 21 - Admiral Ludvig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed were the last casualties of the First World War. June 28 - The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany.
July-November July 6 - The British dirigible R-34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic by an airship. July 31 - Strike of policemen in London and Liverpool for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers. Over 2,000 strikers are dismissed. August 11 - In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is passed into law. August 19 - Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom. 16 August-26 August - First Silesian Uprising, the Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans August 31 - American Communist Party is established September 10 - Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with Austria. September 10-15: A hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico and Texas. September 27 - Last British troops leave Archangel, Russia and leave fighting to the Russians October 1 - Elaine Race Riot breaks out in Arkansas October 2 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed. October 9 - Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series. October 9 - Boston police strike October 13 - Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation signed. October 28 - Prohibition begins: The United States Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson's veto. November - At end of month health officials declare the global Spanish Flu Pandemic over November 10 - The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota (convention ended on November 12). November 11 - The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the IWW. November 27 - The Treaty of Neuilly is signed between Allies and Bulgaria. November 28 - The American-born Lady Astor is elected to the British House of Commons, becoming the first female MP to take a seat on December 1.
December December 12 – Gabriele D'Annunzio with his entourage marches into Fiume and convinces the Italian troops to join him December 30 - Lincoln's Inn, in London admits its first female bar student.The Paris Peace Conference
Unknown datesThe Ĺland Islands vote for a return to Swedish rule in a referendum.Les Champs Magnetiques, the first automatic book, is written by Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault. XWA (now CFCF), in Montreal, Quebec, is the first public radio station in North America to go on the air. Various strikes in USA: Strike of US railroad workers; Longshoreman’s strike; The Great Steel Strike; General strike in Seattle, Washington. First Palestine national congress meets in Jerusalem, rejects the Balfour Declaration, and demands independence for Palestine. Female suffrage in Germany and Luxemburg Henri Desire Landru captured Marcel Tolkowsky's Diamond Design is published.
Births January-AprilJanuary 1 - J. D. Salinger, novelistJanuary 13 - Army Archerd, Hollywood journalist January 13 - Robert Stack, actor (d. 2003)January 14 - Andy Rooney, television journalistJanuary 23 - Hans Haas, zoologist and underwater scientist January 23 - Ernie Kovacs, comedian (d. 1962)January 25 - Edwin Newman, journalist, writerJanuary 26 - Valentino Mazzola, Italian footballer, captain of the Torino team killed in the Superga air disaster, father of Sandro Mazzola (d. 1949)January 27 - Ross Bagdasarian, musician, actor (d. 1972)January 31 - Jackie Robinson, baseball player (d. 1972)February 5 - Andreas Papandreou, Greek politician (d. 1996) February 5 - Red Buttons, actorFebruary 11 - Gretchen Fraser, slalom skier. February 11 - Eddie Robinson, football coach.February 12 - Forrest Tucker, actor (d. 1986)February 13 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, musician (d. 1991) February 27 - Enrique A. Collantes Zafra is born.March 2 - Jennifer Jones, actressMarch 11 - Mercer Ellington, musician, composer (d. 1996)March 15 - Lawrence Tierney, actor (d. 2002)March 17 - Nat King Cole, singer (d. 1965)March 24 - Lawrence Ferlinghetti, author and publisherMarch 30 - McGeorge Bundy, National Security Advisor (d. 1996)April 8 - Ian Douglas Smith, leader of white-ruled Rhodesia 1965-1979
May-DecemberMay 1 - Dan O'Herlihy, Irish film actor (d. 2005)May 3 - Pete Seeger, singer and musicianMay 7 - Eva Peron, wife of Argentina's President Juan Peron (d. 1952)May 8 - Lex Barker, actor (d. 1973)May 16 - Liberace, pianist (d. 1987) May 16 - Gisela Uhlen, actressMay 18 - Dame Margot Fonteyn, ballet dancer (d. 1991)May 20 - George Gobel, comedian (d. 1991)May 23 - Betty Garrett, actress, dancerJune 4 - Robert Merrill, baritone (d. 2004)June 5 - Richard Scarry, children's author (d. 1994)June 21 - Gérard Pelletier, French journalist, politician and diplomat (d. 1997)June 26 - Richard Neustadt, political historian (d. 2003)July 6 - Ernst Haefliger, Swiss tenorJuly 7 - Jon Pertwee, actor (d. 1996)July 15 - Iris Murdoch, novelist (d. 1999)July 20 - Edmund Hillary, mountaineerAugust 11 - Ginette Neveu, French violinist (d. 1949)September 11 - Ota Sik, Czech economist and politician (d. 2004)September 21 - Fazlur Rahman, scholar (d. 1988)September 27 - James H. Wilkinson, mathematician (d. 1986)October 1 - member of the Romanian Academy, president of the Jewish Communities Federation of RomaniaOctober 11 - Art Blakey, jazz drummer (d. 1990)October 18 - Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Canadian prime minister (d. 2000)October 22 - Doris Lessing, British writerOctober 26 - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1980)November 10 - Mikhail Kalashnikov - inventor, designer of the Ak-47November 14 - Lisa Otto, German sopranoNovember 18 - Andrée Borrel, WW II heroine executed by the Nazis (d. 1944) November - Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (d. 2004)December 31 - Tommy Byrne, Major League Baseball player
Deaths January 6 - Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (b. 1858) January 6 - Max Heindel, Christian occultist, astrologer and mystic (b. 1865) January 15 - Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht January 18- His Royal Highness Prince John, son of George V and Queen Mary (b. 1905) February 17 - Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841) April 4 - Sir William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (b. 1832) April 15 - Jane Delano, founder, American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. 1862) May 6 - L. Frank Baum, American writer (b. 1856) July 26 - Sir Edward Poynter, British painter (b. 1936) August 9 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857) October 7 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1856) October 18 - Viscount William Astor, American financier and statesman (b. 1848) December 3 - Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter (b. 1841)
Nobel Prizes Physics - Johannes Stark Chemistry - not awarded Medicine - Jules Bordet Literature - Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler Peace - Thomas Woodrow Wilson
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