5th century BC
(6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD)
---- Events Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt Persians invade Greece twice (Persian Wars) Battle of Marathon (490) Battle of Salamis (480) Athenian empire rises and falls Peloponnesian War Approximate beginning of Iron Age in northern Europe Buddhist monastic university at Nalanda, India established.
Significant personsPythagoras of Samos, Greek mathematician. See Pythagorean theorem. (582 - 496 BC).Gautama Buddha, founding figure of Buddhism (c. 563 - 483 BC).Confucius, founding figure of Confucianism (551 - 479 BC). Aeschylus of Athens, playwright (525 - 456 BC). Darius I, King of Persia (reigned 521 - 485 BC). Sophocles of Athens, playwright (496 - 406 BC). Pericles of Athens, politician (c. 495 - 429 BC). Herodotus of Halicarnassus, historian (c. 485 BC).Euripides of Athens, playwright (c. 480 - 406 BC). Socrates of Athens, philosopher (470 - 399 BC).Aristophanes of Athens, playwright (c. 446 - 385 BC). Darius II, king of Persia (reigned 423-404) Ezra and Nehemiah active in Judea.Tollund Man, Human sacrifice victim on the Jutland Peninsula in Denmark, possibly the earliest known evidence for worship of Odin.
Inventions, discoveries, introductionsCast iron is first used in Wu.
Decades and years
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