9th century
(8th century - 9th century - 10th century - other centuries)
Events Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century Reign of Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in western Europe Viking attacks on Europe begin Oseberg ship burial The Magyars arrive in what is now Hungary, forcing the Serbs and Bulgars south of the Danube. The Tukolor settle in the Senegal river valley. Muslim traders settle in the north-west and south-east of Madagascar. around 813-around 915 - period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas 800-909 - rule of Aghlabids as independent dynasty in North Africa 850-875 - The first Norse settlers arrive on Iceland. 863-879 - period of schism between eastern and western churches Late 9th century: Bulgaria stretches from the mouth of the Danube to Epirus and Bosnia.
Significant people Alfred the Great Arnulf of Carinthia Charlemagne Louis the Pious Adi Sankara Anup von Kelkar
Inventions, discoveries, introductions Vulgar Latin begins to devolve into various Romance languages First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source - illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (Utrecht Psalter, A.D. 843) Invention of gunpowder by Chinese Taoist Alchemists
Decades and years
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