Apocrita

The Apocrita include wasps, bees and ants, and are comprised of many families. They include the most advanced Hymenoptera and are distinguished from the Symphyta by the narrow waist joining two segments of the abdomen. The ovipositor of the female either extends freely or is retracted, and is converted into a sting for both defence and paralyzing prey. Larvae are legless, and either feed inside a host or in a nest.

The Apocrita consist of two groups, the parasitica and the aculeata. The parasitica comprise the largest group of Hymenoptera insects, with respective members parasitizing every other species of insect. Most are small, with the ovipositor adapted for piercing. In some hosts the parasites induce metamorphosis prematurely, and in others it is prolonged. There are even species that are parasitic on the parasites. The parasitica lay their eggs inside another insect (egg, larva or pupa) and the parasitic larvae grow and develop within that host. The host is killed only after the parasites near maturity. Many parasitic Hymenoptera are used as biological control control agents to control pests, such as flies and weevils.

The term parasitoid was coined in 1961 by R R Askew to describe the strategy in which during its development, the parasite lives in or on the body of a single host individual, eventually killing that host. The adult parasitoid is free-living.

The aculeata includes those species in which the female's ovipositor is modified into a stinger, these include the familiar ants, bees and wasps. Among the non-social Apocrita, larvae are fed with captured (parasitized) prey or may be fed pollen and nectar. The social Apocrita feed their young pollen, nectar, and as they mature perhaps seeds, fungi, or even non-viable eggs (ants).

SUPERFAMILIES/Families of the Suborder Apocrita:

Parasitica

Aculeata

STEPHANOIDEA Stephanidae TRIGONALYOIDEA Trigonalyidae MEGALYROIDEA Megalyridae EVANOIDEA Aulacidae Evaniidae - ensign wasps Gasteruptiidae CERAPHRONOIDEA Ceraphronidae Megaspilidae PROCOTRUPOIDEA Austroniidae Diapriidae Heloridae Monomachidae Pelecinidae Peradeniidae Platygastridae Proctotrupidae Renyxidae Roproniidae Scelionidae Vanhorniidae CYNIPOIDEA Cynipidae - gall wasps Figitidae Ibaliidae CHALCIDOIDEA Agaonidae - Fig wasps Aphelinidae Chalcididae - Chalcid wasps Elasmidae Eucharitidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae - seed chalcids Leucospidae Mymaridae - fairyflies, the   smallest of all insects Mymarommatidae Omyridae Perilampidae Pteromalidae Rotoitidae Signiphoridae Tanaostigmatidae Tetracampidae Torymidae Trichogrammatidae ICHNEUMONOIDEA Braconidae Ichneumonidae

CHRYSIDOIDEA Bethylidae Chrysididae - cuckoo wasps Dryinidae Embolemidae Plumariidae Sclerogibbidae Scolebythidae APOIDEA - bees Ampulicidae - thread-waisted wasps Apidae - bumble bees, orchid bees,   and honeybees (subfamilies) (Colletidae - yellow-faced bees   and plasterer bees) (Andrenidae - andrenid bees) (Halictidae - halictid bees   and sweat bees) (Anthophoridae - cuckoo bees,   digger bees, and carpenter bees) (Megachilidae - leafcutting bees) Crabronidae Heterogynaidae Sphecidae - digger wasps VESPOIDEA Bradynobaenidae Formicidae - Ants Mutillidae - velvet ants Pompilidae - spider wasps Rhopalosomatidae Sapygidae Scoliidae Sierolomorphidae Tiphiidae Vespidae - paper wasps, potter wasps,   hornets, mason wasps, yellowjackets