Historical capital of China
Numerous cities have been the capital of China during the course of history. - Anyang was the capital during the Yin period of Shang Dynasty: called Yin (殷 Yīn)
- Beijing (formerly Anglicized as Peking) was and has been the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
State of Yan in Spring and Autumn Period: called Ji (薊 Jì) Liao Dynasty, as a secondary capital: called Yanjing (燕京 Yānjīng "capital of Yan") Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) from Jin Shi Zong until 1220s (1217?): called Zhongdu (中都 Zhōngdū "central capital") Yuan Dynasty: Khanbalik (Mongolian: the Khan's city); translated to Chinese as Dàdū (大都 "great capital"). This was reported as Cambaluc by Marco Polo. Ming Dynasty since Yongle Emperor of China: called Jīngshī (京師 "capital") Qing Dynasty since the fall of Ming in 1644. the current capital of the People's Republic of China China during the Southern Song: called Lin'an (临安 Lín'ān) Later Liang Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Later Jin Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Later Han Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Later Zhou Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Northern Song Dynasty: called Dongjing (东京 Dōngjīng) - Luoyang was the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
Eastern Zhou Dynasty Eastern Han Dynasty from 25 to 220. Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms. Western Jin Dynasty Northern Wei Dynasty since 493, moved its capital from Datong. Later Tang Dynasty during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms - Nanjing (formerly Anglicized as Nanking) was the capital of various Chinese governments including (sorted chronologically):
all of the Six Dynasties: called Jianye (建业 Jiànyè) or Jiankang (建康 Jiànkāng). The Six Dynasties are: - Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms
- Eastern Jin Dynasty
- Song Dynasty
- Qi Dynasty,
- Liang Dynasty
- Chen Dynasty
Ming Dynasty before Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing. Republic of China after the Northern Expedition until the Japanese invasion in 1937 of WWII, and after the war until Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to Taiwan in 1949. (It is still the "official" ROC capital.) collaborationist government of Wang Jingwei State of Qin in Spring and Autumn Period and Qin Dynasty 778 BC-207 BC: Xi'an is located near the Qin capital which is called Xianyang (咸阳 Xiányáng) Western Han Dynasty, from 206 BC to AD 9. Western Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China (中国四大古都 pinyin Zhōngguó Sì Dà Gǔdū) refers to Nanjing, Beijing, Xi'an, and Luoyang. The phrase Seven Ancient Capitals of China also include Hangzhou, Kaifeng, and Anyang; in 2004 the China Ancient Capital Society officially added Zhengzhou as an eighth thanks to archaeological finds there. See also: Capitals of subnational entities of China
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