List of operating systems
Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap. See also :Category:Operating systems, :Category:Unix-like, and :Category:Free software.
Early, and historically importantCTSS (The Compatible TimeShare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)Incompatible_Timesharing_System (The Incompatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)THE operating system (by Dijkstra et al)Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)Master programme developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962.See: Operating systems timeline.
Early, proprietary microcomputer OSApple Computer (initial version was ROM'd firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC) Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line basedCommodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20, The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)Sinclair Micro and QX, etcTRS-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions) TI99-4Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
ArthurARXRISC OSRISCiX
AmigaOS
ArrayOS
TOSMultiTOSMiNT
Apple DOSProDOSGS/OSLisa OSA/UXMac OSMac OS XMac OS X ServerDarwin
BTOSCWDMCP
Later acquired by Unisys.CTOS
BeOS*BeIAZeta
AISOS/8ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)MPE (from HP)TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)WAITSTENEX (from BBN)TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s)RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)HP/UXUltrixDigital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP's Tru64)NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem_Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originall called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:*Guardian*OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)
PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)OS/2 (aka MS-OS/2) *OS/2 WarpBasic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim)TOSOS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture)DOS/360DOS/VSEz/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)VM/CMSz/VM (latest version of the VM line)MFT (later called OV/VS1)MVT (later called OV/VS2)SVSMVS (latest variant of MVT)TPFOS/390z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS)OS/400AIX (a version of Unix)ALCSIBSYSDPPXK42
GEORGEVMEDMETME
MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)Windows CE (OS for handhelds that is similar in appearance to Windows)Microsoft Windows*Windows 1.0*Windows 2.0*Windows 3.0 the first version to make substantial commercial impact*Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)*Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)*Windows Me (aka Windows 4.2)OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)Windows NT multiple versions of each release*Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)*Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1)*Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)*Microsoft Codename Longhorn (to be released at some future date)*Microsoft Codename Blackcomb (to follow Longhorn)Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
Solaris, Unix-likeSunOS, Unix-like, (became Solaris)Java Desktop System
OtherEOS, developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputersNOS (acronym for "Network Operating System"), developed by CDC for use in their CDC Cyber line of supercomputersTHEOS, THEOS Software CorporationTinyOSOther proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systemsAegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
Cromix (Unix-emulating OS from Cromemco)Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)DNIXIdris workalike from WhitesmithsIRIX from SGI Mac OS X from Apple ComputerNeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a UNIX-like OS based on the Mach microkernel)OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)*OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)*OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)OPENSTEPQNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)RhapsodyRISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)RiscOSRMXSCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO Group)Sinix (a port by SNI of UNIX to the MIPS RISC architecture)System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)UniCOSMUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)Skyos (developed by Robert Szeleney)
EXEC IEXEC IIEXEC 8OS-1100OS-1200
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systemsUNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)*FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')*DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD*NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')*OpenBSD forked from NetBSD LinuxGNU HurdSSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)*MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)*PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..] DOS variant) FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
Network operating systemsCambridge Ring O/SCSIRONET (CSIRO)CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)NOS (CDC)
Research non-UNIXMach (from OS kernel research at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. TUNES," class="external">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/TUNES, 1994V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980sL4 Second generation microkernel
Generic/commodity, non-UNIX, and other4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS, Windows and OS/2)AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)BS1000 by Siemens AGBS2000 by Siemens AGBS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)*CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research)*CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)*MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)*MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)*DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)JavaOSKERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)MorphOS (by Genesi)MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad_de_ChileNetWare (networking OS by Novell)Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming languageOSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)Pick (often licensed and renamed)Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)SEAL System is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)TripOS, 1978UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal) VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)VM2000 by Siemens AGVisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)BlueIllusion OSBOS - 100% assembler OSHaiku (open source BeOS clone)ReactOS (Windows NT clone)AtheOS became Syllable*Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly languageTabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)PanalixSECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus. SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)Trion Operating SystemNewOSVisopsysUnununium - HomepageAgnixClicker
ROM-DOSEmbedded Linux
Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSourceEPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OSWindows CE Windows Compact Edition, from Microsoft*Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.*Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.Linux on Sharp Zaurus and IpaqDOS on Poqet PCNewton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad
Windows CE Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680Symbian OS
IOS by Cisco SystemsIOS-XR by Cisco SystemsCatOS by Cisco SystemsJUNOS by Juniper NetworksROS by Ruggedcom
ContikieCosFreeRTOS [1]INTEGRITYLynxOSOSEKMontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux)NucleusOS-9 by MicrowareQNXRtems RTLinux[[ThreadX]" class="external">[1]TRON (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)µCLinuxVRTXVxWorks
InterpretedPar-OSJ98GWOSSwodniw
Fictional operating systems
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in CryptonomiconALTIMIT_OS - From .hackHyper OS - From the movie PatlaborWheatonix - April fool's joke.Digitronix - From The Hacker FilesLuna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [1]Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).LCARS- From television's Star TrekNNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
External linksA catalog of operating systems
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