Neo-Guelph
The Neo-Guelph movement was a Nineteeth century Italian political society which wanted to unite Italy into a single kingdom with the Pope as its king. Some of its leading lights were Vincenzo Gioberti and Cesare BalboIt. However, it recieved very little popular support. Neo-Guelphists were concentrated in the north, particularly Piemonte. They were also linked both to ontologism, a philosophical movement, and rationalist-leaning theology. Many Neo-Guelphists thought that Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti (elected pope Pius IX in 1846) would boost their cause, but he rejected their movement. This rejection was disheartening to Catholic liberals everhwere, and the anti-clerical left saw it as proof that the papacy was inherently reactionary -- ready to sacfifice its very autonomy and an Italian state simply to protect narrow temporal interests, such as noble interests in the papal states. It should be noted that popes generally came from this nobility, to say nothing of the curia and Vatican hierarchy in general.
External LinksSardinia-Piedmont, Kingdom of, 1848-1849 A lectureThe Political Significance of the Papacy, Historically and in the Present Period Journal of Religion and Society. Volume 7, 2005. The Kripke Center. Anthony Mansueto of the University New Mexico-Gallup19ll Britannica article on Camillo Benso Cavour
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