October 19

October 19 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining.

Events

300 BC-AD 1899

202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.

AD 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.

1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.

1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ended with the Second Treaty of Thorn. Prussia as a whole was incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.

1781 - Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War.

1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.

1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.

1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.

1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.

1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.

1900-1999

1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.

1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.

1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.

1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.

1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.

1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.

1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu

1960 - Mauretania gains independence from France.

1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.

1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine.

1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'�tat led by Bernard Coard.

1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.

1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.

1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.

1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.

1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.

1991 - Paul Glover buys a samosa at the Farmers' Market with Half HOUR #751; the first use of Ithaca Hours.

1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi airs for the last time.

2000-2099

2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.

2004 - Myanmar Prime Minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.

2004 - The Boston Red Sox defeat the New York Yankees 10-3 in Game Seven of the American League Championship Series, to advance to the World Series. The Red Sox became the first team in baseball history to win a series after being down three game to none.