Paulus Hook
Paulus Hook is a community on the Hudson River waterfront in Jersey City, New Jersey, located one mile from Manhattan. The name Hook comes from the Dutch word "hoeck" which translates into "point of land." This "point of land" has been described as an elevation located in an area that nearly comports to an area presently bounded by Montgomery, Hudson, Essex and Warren Streets.
History of colonization
The location was originally part of a tract of land purchased by Michael Pauw, an Amsterdam Burgomaster and Lord of Achttienhoven in 1630. The property contained a large amount of fertile land, some of which was an area that became known as "Paulus Hook". Until the American Revolution, the Dutch and the English governed the site. In 1664, an expedition sailed from England to seize Dutch colonies in the New World. New Amsterdam Governor Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch surrendered to the English forces on September 8, 1664 but the Dutch recaptured the territory the next year. Eventually, as a result of a war in the "Old World," the Dutch lost their "New World" territories to the British. In 1672, war broke out between England and Holland. Peace was achieved in 1674 and under terms of the Treaty of Westminister, England recovered New Netherlands. The king awarded the territories to the Duke of York who gave portions of the territory to a couple cronies, one of whom came from the Channel Island of Jersey (see George Carteret). The Duke, to honor his friend from the Channel Island, named part of the territory "New Jersey" and Philip Carteret was appointed governor.
American Revolution In 1776, patriot colonists built several forts to defend the western banks of the Hudson. One of these forts was located at Paulus Hook. After suffering defeats in New York City, the rebels took leave of Paulus Hook and the British occupied it. The fort was a naturally defensible position that guarded the gateway to New Jersey. In mid-summer 1779, the flamboyant 23-year old Princeton graduate, Major Henry Lee recommended to General George Washington a daring plan to attack the fort. The assault was planned to begin shortly after mid-night on August 19. Lee led a force of about 300 men, some of who got lost during the march, through the swampy, marshy, land. The attack was late in getting started but the main contingent of the force was able to reach the fort's gate without being challenged. It is believed that the British mistook the approaching force for Hessian allies returning from patrol but this is not documented. The attacking patriots succeeded in damaging the fort and took 158 prisoners but were unable to destroy the fort and spike its cannons. As daytime arrived, Lee decided that prudent action demanded that the patriots withdraw before the British forces from New York could cross the river. Paulus Hook remained in British hands until after the war but the battle was a small strategic victory for the forces of independence as it forced the British to abandon their plans for taking rebel positions in the New York area. On November 22, 1783, the British evacuated Paulus Hook and sailed home. While the battle occupies only a small portion of U.S. Revolutionary History, it is an important part of the history of New Jersey and holds an even more important place in the history of the neighborhood. A Monument was erected in 1903 to memorialize the battle.
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