PFS Polarstern
PFS Polarstern is a German research icebreaker. The Polarstern was put into commission in 1982 and is mainly used for research in the Arctic and Antarctica. Polarstern was build by the Howaldtswerke/Deutsche Werft at Kiel and the Werft Nobiskrug at Rendsburg. The ship has a length of 118 meters. Polarstern is owned by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut in Bremerhaven, Germany. Polarstern is a double-hulled icebreaker. It is operational at temperatures as low as -50 °C. Polarstern can break through ice 1.5 metres thick at a speed of 5 knotss. Thicker ice must be broken by ramming.
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