Rulers of Hesse
Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th Century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and became a distinct political entity. From the late 16th century it was generally divided into several branches, the most important of which were those of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt. During the Napoleonic Period, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel changed his title to Elector of Hesse (1803), while the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt became the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1806). Electoral Hesse was annexed by Prussia in 1866 after the Six Weeks War, but Grand Ducal Hesse lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.
Landgraves of Hesse, 1247-1567Henry I 1247-1308John 1308-1311Otto I 1308-1328Herman I 1328-1370Louis I 1328-1345Henry II 1328-1376Herman II 1376-1413Louis I 1413-1458Louis II 1458-1471William I 1471-1493William II 1493-1509Philip I 1509-1567
Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel, 1567-1803William IV 1567-1592Maurice 1592-1627William V 1627-1637William VI 1637-1663William VII 1663-1670Charles 1670-1730Frederick I 1730-1751William VIII 1751-1760Frederick II 1760-1785William IX 1785-1803
Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1567-1806George I 1567-1596Louis V 1596-1626George II 1626-1661Louis VI 1661-1678Louis VII 1678Ernest Louis 1678-1739Louis VIII 1739-1768Louis IX 1768-1790Louis X 1790-1806
Electors of Hesse, 1803-1866William I (IX of Hesse-Kassel) 1803-1806; 1814-1821William II 1821-1831Frederick William 1831-1866
Grand Dukes of Hesse and the Rhine, 1806-1918Louis I (X of Hesse-Darmstadt) 1790-1830Louis II 1830-1848Louis III 1848-1877Louis IV 1877-1892Ernest Louis 1892-1918
Heads of the House of Hesse-Kassel since 1866Elector Frederick William 1866-1875Landgrave Friedrich 1875-1884Landgrave Friedrich Wilhelm 1884-1888Landgrave Alexander Friedrich 1888-1925 (d.1945)Landgrave Friedrich Karl 1925-1940Landgrave Philipp 1940-1980Landgrave Moritz 1980-present
Heads of the House of Hesse and the Rhine, 1918-1968Grand Duke Ernest Louis 1918-1937Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus 1937Prince Ludwig 1937-1968 In 1968 the House of Hesse and the Rhine became extinct.
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