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Encyclopedia :
S :
SO :
SOU :
Soup |
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Soup Soup is a savoury liquid food that is made by boiling ingredients, such as meat, vegetables and beans in stock or hot water, until the flavor is extracted. Boiling was not a common cooking technique until the invention of waterproof containers about 5,000 years ago. Over the centuries, the terms gruel, potage, broth, consomme, soup and stock have been used to describe this cooking method. The terms have shifted over time, but the modern definition of soup and stew were established in the eighteenth century. Traditionally, soup is a liquid food classified into two broad groups: clear soups and thick soups. Examples of clear soups are bouillon and consomme. Thick soups can be further classified depending upon the type of thickening agent used: puree, which are vegetable soups thickened with starch; bisques are made from pureed shellfish thickened with cream; cream soups are thickened with bechamel sauce; and veloute are thickened with eggs, butter and cream. Finally there are soups and broths thickened with rice, flour, and other grains. Early historyThe word soup originates from the Teutonic word, suppa, to describe a Medieval dish consisting of a thick stew poured on slices of bread, called sop, used to soak up the liquid. Often described as potages, Onion soup is an example of a modern soup that retains the traditional bread. Thinner soups became more popular as a food dish in the seventeenth century, around the same time that the spoon was invented, to accomodate the fashion of wearing large, stiff ruffles worn around the neck. The first restaurants appeared on the streets of France in the 16th century. This was a highly concentrated, inexpensive meal, advertised as a restorative for the physically exhausted. In 1765, these restoratives were so popular, that a Parisian entrepreneur, opened a specialty shop: a restaurant. By 1827, restaurants were popular in France and England, and carried a full menu of prepared food dishes. In America, the first colonial cookbook was published by William Parks in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1742, based on Eliza Smith's Compleat Housewife; or Accomplished Gentlewoman's Companion and included several recipes for soups and bisques. A 1772 cookbook, The Frugal Housewife, contained an entire chapter. While English cooking dominated early colonial cooking, as new immigrants arrived, other national recipes became popular. Pennsylvania Germans were famous for potato soup. In 1794, Jean Baptiste Gilbert Payplan dis Julien, a refugee from the French Revolution, opened an eating establishment in Boston, Restorator and was nicknamed, The Prince of Soups. The first known American cooking pamphlet dedicated to soup recipes was written in 1882 by Emma Ewing: Soups and Soup Making. Chicken noodle soup is one of the most popular soups in America and is often used as a traditional remedy for the common cold. Chicken soup and lockshen (Yiddish for noodles) is known as Jewish penicillin. Portable soup was devised in the eighteenth century by boiling seasoned meat until a thick, resinous syrup was left that could be dried and stored for months at a time. The Japanese miso is an example of a concentrated soup paste. Commercial soupCommercial soup became popular with the invention of canning in the 19th century. Dessert soupsFruit soupsFruit soups are served hot or cold depending on the recipe. Many recipes are for cold soups served when fruit was in season during hot weather. Some like Norwegian 'frukt suppe' may be served hot and rely on dried fruit such as raisins and prunes and so could be made in any season. Fruit soups may include milk, sweet or savoury dumplings, spices, or alcoholic beverages like brandy or champagne. Cold fruit soups are most common in Scandanavian, Baltic and Eastern European cuisines while hot fruit soups with meat appear in Middle Eastern, Central Asian and Chinese cuisines. Fruit soups are uncommon or absent in the cuisines of the Americas, Africa and Western Europe. They are also not seen in Japan, Southeast Asia or Oceania.
Soup as a figure of speechIn the English language, the word "soup" has developed several phrasal uses. Soup in popular cultureSoup in other languages
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