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Timeline of Chinese history

  

Timeline of Chinese history

The following is a timeline of the history of China:

For a summary table of the dynasties in Chinese history and their dates, check here.



Ancient China

Date Ruling entity King Events Other people/events
2500 BC Sanhuangwudi   This period is part of the Chinese mythology  
-2205    
Xia Dynasty      
-1806      
-1523 Shang Dynasty   First records of Chinese characters  
-1027      
-1122 Zhou Dynasty King Wu of Zhou    
-781 You    
-771 End of Western Zhou  
-770 Ping Beginning of Eastern Zhou  
-722 Spring and Autumn Period  
-720  
-619 Xiang  
-632 Battle of Chengpu
-651  
-551   Lao Zi
-551   Confucius
-481  
-479    
-403   Warring States Period  
-314 Nan  
-260 Battle of Changping
-256  

Imperial China

Date Ruling entity Emperor Events Other people/events
-255 Qin Dynasty   Warring States Period  
-246 Qin Shi Huang  
-221 Start of construction of the Great Wall
Unification of China  
-210 Burial of the Terracotta Army  
-209 Qin Er Shi    
-207    
Ziying    
-206     Chu-Han contention  
-205     Battle of Jingxing
-202      
Han Dynasty (Western Han) Han Gao Zu    
-195    
6 Ruzi    
9    
Xin Dynasty Wang Mang    
23    
Han Dynasty (Eastern Han) Gengshi    
25      
88 He    
105 Cai Lun invents paper  
106    
Shang    
168 Ling    
184 Yellow Turban Rebellion  
189    
King of Hongnong    
Xian    
191 Battle of Jieqiao  
200 Battle of Guandu  
208 Battle of Changban Battle of Red Cliffs
220    
Three Kingdoms      
222 Cao Pi (Wei) Liu Bei (Shu) Sun Quan (Wu) Battle of Yiling  
225 Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign  
230  
234 Battle of Wuzhang Plain  
250 Introduction of Buddhism in China  
252    
265      
Jin Dynasty Wu    
274    
290 Hui    
291 War of the Eight Princes  
306  
307    
372 Xiaowu    
383 Battle of Fei River  
396    
419 Gong    
420    
Southern and Northern Dynasties      
475   Bodhidharma arrives in China  
589      
581 Sui Dynasty      
618      
Tang Dynasty      
627 Li Shi Min    
635 First Christian missionaries arrive in China: Nestorian monks from Asia Minor and Persia, building Daqin Pagoda.  
649    
650   The Records of the Tang Dynasty describes a landmark visit to China by Saad ibn Abi Waqqas (ra), one of the companions of Prophet Muhammad, in 650 C.E. This event is considered to be the birth of Islam in China.  
684 Wu Ze Tian    
705    
712 Xuanzong    
751 Battle of Talas  
756 An Lushan Rebellion  
763    
845   Mass persecution of Buddhism  
907      
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms      
960      
Song Dynasty      
1127   End of Northern Song / Beginning of Southern Song  
1214   Battle of Beijing  
1255     Voyages of Marco Polo
1260 Kublai Khan  
1271 Yuan Dynasty  
1273 Battle of Xiangyang
1279 Battle of Yamen
1289 Franciscan friars begin mission work in China
1294  
1295    
1368      
Ming Dynasty Hongwu    
1398    
1399 Jianwen    
1402    
1403 Yongle    
1405   Voyages of Zheng He
1406 Construction of the Forbidden City begins
1424  
Hongxi  
1425  
1426 Xuande  
1433  
1435    
1449   Battle of Tumu Fortress  
1506 Zhengde    
1516 First Portuguese settlement in Macau  
1521    
1522 Jiajing    
1556 Earthquake in Shaanxi and Gansu. 850,000 casualties  
1566    
1573 Wanli    
1582 Jesuits begin mission work in China  
1616 Nurhaci founds the Qing Dynasty in Manchuria  
1619 Battle of Sarhu  
1620    
Taichang    
Tianqi    
1627 First Manchu expedition to Korea  
Chongzhen  
1637 Second Manchu expedition to Korea  
1644    
Qing Dynasty Shunzhi    
1661    
1662 Kangxi    
1674 Revolt of the Three Feudatories  
1680 First Portuguese governor in Macau
1683  
1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk  
1711 The British East India Company establishes a trading post in Guangzhou  
1722    
1723 Yongzheng    
1735    
Qianlong    
1755 Ten Great Campaigns  
1790  
1793 Lord Macartney, first British envoy to Beijing  
1796    
Jiaqing    
1814 First recorded Chinese convert to Western Christianity (the Nestorian form was long-established in China)  
1820    
1821 Daoguang    
1839 First Opium War  
1842 Treaty of Nanjing
1850    
1851 Xianfeng Taiping Rebellion  
1854  
1856 Second Opium War  
1858 Treaty of Aigun Treaties of Tianjin
1860 Beijing Convention
1861    
1862 Tongzhi    
1874    
1875 Guangxu    
1876 Chefoo Convention  
1884 Franco-Chinese War  
1885 Battle of Foochow
1894 First Sino-Japanese War Battle of Yalu River
1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki
1898 Hundred Days' Reform Coup by Empress Dowager Cixi
1900 Boxer Rebellion  
1901 Treaty of 1901  
1908    
Pu-yi    
1911 Xinhai Revolution Wuchang Uprising

Modern China

Date Ruling entity Head of State Events Other people/events
1912 Republic of China Sun Yat Sen Xinhai Revolution 　
1913 　 　
Yuan Shikai 　 　
1915 Japan's Twenty-One Demands 　
1919 　 May Fourth Movement 　
1921 　 Foundation of the Communist Party of China 　
1926 　 Northern Expedition 　
1927 　 Kuomintang-Communist split
　 Nanchang Uprising
1928 Chiang Kai-Shek Jinan Incident
1931 Chinese Soviet Republic Mukden Incident
Lin Sen 　
1932 Japan declares Manchukuo in Manchuria, independent from China
1934 　
Long March 　
1935 　
1936 Xian incident Japan establishes the Mengjiang
1937 Second Sino-Japanese War Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Battle of Pingxingguan
Battle of Nanjing
1938 Battle of Tai'erzhuang
1939 Battle of Changsha (1939)
1940 Hundred Regiments Offensive
1941 Battle of Changsha (1941)
1942 Battle of Changsha (1942)
1943 　
Chiang Kai-Shek 　
1944 Battle of Changsha (1944)
1945 The nationalist government is one of the founding members of the UN
1947 February 28 Incident 　
1949 Kuomintang retreats to Taiwan 　
1971 The PRC replaces the ROC as a permanent member of the UN Security Council 　
1975 　 　
Yen Chia-jin 　 　
1978 　 　
Chiang Ching-Kuo 　 　
1979 Taiwan Relations Act passed by the United States Congress 　
1988 　 　
Lee Teng-hui 　 　
1996 Third Taiwan Strait Crisis ROC Presidential Election 1996
2000 ROC Presidential Election 2000 　
Chen Shui-bian Chen Shui-bian's Four Noes and One Without 　
2001 Accession to World Trade Organization 　
2003 SARS outbreak 　
2004 ROC Presidential Election 2004 　
Date Ruling entity Head of State Events Other people/events
1949 People's Republic of China Mao Zedong Founding of the People's Republic of China 　
1950 Battle of Chosin Reservoir Korean War
1951 Occupation of Tibet
1953 　
1956 Hundred Flowers campaign 　
1957 　
1958 Great Leap Forward 　
1959 Three Years of Natural Disasters
1960
Sino-Soviet split
1961 　
1962 Sino-Indian War 　
1964 State Council decrees it is acceptable to abbreviate most characters listed in the Plan for Character Simplification The PRC detonates its first atomic bomb
1966 Cultural Revolution The Little Red Book
1969 Opening of the first line of the Beijing Subway: 17 stations
1970 First satellite launch, using Long March rocket 　
1971 The PRC replaces the ROC as a permanent member of the UN Security Council Henry Kissinger secretly visits Beijing
1972 Richard Nixon visits China. Shanghai Communiqué 　
1974 Discovery of the Terracotta Army 　
1976 Four Modernizations Tiananmen incident following the death of Zhou Enlai
Hua Guofeng of Deng Xiaoping Period 　 　
1977 Beijing Spring 　
1978 Start of Chinese economic reforms Democracy Wall Movement
1979 One-child policy
USA and PRC establish full diplomatic relations Visit of Deng Xiaoping to Washington, D.C
Border-war with Vietnam Deng Xiaoping's Four cardinal principles
1980 First Special Economic Zones Trial of the Gang of Four
1981 　 　
Hu Yaobang of Deng Xiaoping Period 　 　
1984 Margaret Thatcher in China, signs Sino-British Joint Declaration, to handover of Hong Kong to the PRC in 1997 　
1987 　 　
Zhao Ziyang of Deng Xiaoping Period 　 　
1989 Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 　
Jiang Zemin of Deng Xiaoping Period 　
1991 First McDonald's restaurant in Beijing 　
1996 Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 　
1997 Hong Kong handover, becomes a Special Administrative Region Death of Deng Xiaoping
1999 Macau handover 　
2000 The PRC passes Japan as the country with which the USA has the largest trade deficit 　
2001 Accession to World Trade Organization Beijing elected to hold the 2008 Summer Olympics
2002 16th Party Congress 　
2003 Hu Jintao SARS outbreak Shenzhou 5, PRC's first manned space mission
2004 　 Jiang Zemin retires from his post as Chairman of the Central Military Commission

See also

  • History of China
  • History of the Republic of China
  • History of the People's Republic of China
  • Chinese sovereign
  • Dynasties in Chinese history
  • Table of Chinese monarchs (very long)
  • Timeline of Taiwanese history

    Mnemonics

    :三皇五帝夏商周 sān huáng wǔ dì xià shāng zhōu :春秋戰國秦漢流 chūn qiū zhàn guó qín hàn liú :三國魏晉南北隋 sān guó wèi jìn nán běi suí :唐宋元明清民收 táng sòng yuán míng qīng mín shōu (Compare with British monarchs mnemonics)

    External links

  • Comparative timeline of Chinese, Japanese and Korean historical events
  • Chinese History and Dynasties


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