Ursa Major Dwarf
Ursa Major Dwarf is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy orbiting the Milky Way galaxy. The discovery by Beth Willman et al. was announced in 2005. Being a small dwarf galaxy, it measures only a few thousand light years in diameter. It is the least luminous galaxy known after the recently found dark galaxy VIRGOHI21 in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. The absolute magnitude of the galaxy is only -6.75, meaning that it is less luminous than some stars, like Deneb in the Milky Way. It was described to be similar to the Sextans dwarf galaxy. Both galaxies are ancient and metal-deficient. It is located at a distance of about 330,000 light years from the Earth. That is about twice the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud, the largest and most luminous satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. There were another object called Ursa Major Dwarf, discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1949. It was designated as Palomar 4. Due to its peculiar look, it was temporary suspected to be either a dwarf spheroidal or elliptical galaxy. However, it was later confirmed to be a very distant (about 360,000 ly) globular cluster belonging to our galaxy.
Sources - Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
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