VSMOW
VSMOW, or Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, is a standard defined in 1968 by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Its purpose is to provide a scale for reporting hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, mostly in water samples. Previously average ocean water and melted snow were used as reference points. These were further refined in the 1960s by the standardized definition of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). The US National Bureau of Standards created physical water standards for global use. But the physical integrity of the US standards soon came into question. VSMOW was a recalibration of the original SMOW definition created by mixing distilled ocean water with other waters and remains one of the major benchmarks in use today.
Link http://www.iaea.org
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